KRAS cDNA ORF Clone, Mouse, C-OFPSpark® tag

K-Ras belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Ras family. Like other members of the Ras family, K-Ras is a GTPase and is an early player in many signal transduction pathways. It is usually tethered to cell membranes because of the presence of an isoprenyl group on its C-terminus. K-Ras functions as a molecular on/off switch. Once it is turned on it recruits and activates proteins necessary for the propagation of growth factor and other receptors' signal, such as c-Raf and PI 3-kinase. It binds to GTP in the active state and possesses an intrinsic enzymatic activity that cleaves the terminal phosphate of the nucleotide converting it to GDP. Upon conversion of GTP to GDP, K-Ras is turned off. The rate of conversion is usually slow but can be sped up dramatically by an accessory protein of the GTPase activating protein class, for example, RasGAP. In turn, K-Ras can bind to proteins of the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor class, for example, SOS1, which forces the release of bound nucleotide. Subsequently, K-Ras binds GTP present in the cytosol and the GEF is released from ras-GTP. Besides essential function in normal tissue signaling, the mutation of a K-Ras gene is an essential step in the development of many cancers. Several germline K-Ras mutations are associated with Noonan syndrome and Cardio-Facio-Cutaneous syndrome. Somatic K-Ras mutations are found at high rates in Leukemias, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer.

• Cancer Immunotherapy
• Immune Checkpoint
• Immunotherapy
• Targeted Therapy

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

• Cancer Drug Targets

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  EGFR Signaling Pathway
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  TGF-beta Signaling
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  VEGF Signaling Pathway
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  Actin Dynamics Signaling Pathway
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  AKT Signaling Pathway
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  B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway
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  G Protein-coupled Receptors Signaling
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  Jak-Stat Signaling Pathway
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  MAPK-Erk Pathway
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  Common G-Chain signaling pathway

• Ling J, et al. (2012) KrasG12D-induced IKK2//NF-B activation by IL-1 alpha and p62 feedforward loops is required for development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell. 21(1):105-20.
• Matallanas D, et al. (2011) Mutant K-Ras activation of the proapoptotic MST2 pathway is antagonized by wild-type K-Ras. Mol Cell. 44(6):893-906.
• Regala RP, et al. (2011) Matrix metalloproteinase-10 promotes Kras-mediated bronchio-alveolar stem cell expansion and lung cancer formation. PLoS One. 6(10):e26439.