The Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen workshop (HLDA7) took place in 2000 in Harrogate, United Kingdom, and the proceedings of the meeting (Leucocyte Typing VII1) have recently been published. Antibodies to the most immunogenic molecules had already been produced, and fewer laboratories than in the early days were prepared to devote resources to raising new antibodies, since the probability of finding novel reagents becomes ever less likely. In consequence many antibodies in the sixth workshop were reagents that proved to be of known specificity.
With these considerations in mind, HLDA7 adopted a different approach. Instead of screening poorly characterized antibodies, reagents were selected for which at least some molecular data were already available. A substantial number of monoclonal antibodies reactive with leukocyte-associated molecules exist that do not meet the traditional criterion for establishing a new CD specificity. Consequently, it is now considered appropriate to establish a CD designation for a molecule if its gene has been cloned and at least one specific monoclonal antibody has been studied in the workshop. Four new domains were introduced in HLDA7 to add to the traditional list from past meetings: Dendritic Cells, Stem/Progenitor Cells, Erythroid Cells, and Carbohydrate Structures.
HLDA7 were added over 80 new molecules to the list of CD antigens. This compares favorably with previous workshops (an average of fewer than 30 CD specificities per workshop), and it also largely avoided the laborious screening in multiple laboratories of antibodies that often prove to be directed against known CD molecules.
New CD | Alias | Function |
---|---|---|
CD15u | ||
CD60a | ||
CD60b | ||
CD60c | ||
CD75 | ST6GAL1, Sialyltransferase 1 | Functional maturation of B lymphocytes |
CD75s | ||
CD85 | ||
CD110 | ||
CD111 | PVRL1, PRR1, Nectin-1, HVEC | Entry mediator for several herpes viruses (HSV1, HSV2, PRV, BHV1).Believed to be involved in cell adhesion mechanisms |
CD112 | PVRL2, PRR2, Nectin-2, HVEB | Intracellular adhesion, component of adherins junctions. Receptor for herpes simplex virus |
CD133 | ||
CD156b | ADAM17, ADAM18, CSVP, NISBD, NISBD1, TACE | Cleaves transmembrane form of TNF-α to generate the soluble active form. |
CD158 | ||
CD159a | NKG2A, KLRC1, NKG2 | Negative regulation of NK cell activation |
CD160 | BY55, NK1 | Broad specificity receptor for MHC class I molecules |
CD162R | ||
CD167a | DDR1, MCK10 | Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell-cell interactions |
CD168 | ||
CD169 | ||
CD170 | Siglec-5, CD33-like2, SIGLEC5, OB-BP2 | Adhesion molecule mediating sialic-acid dependent binding to cells |
CD171 | NCAM-L1, L1CAM | Multidomain cell adhesion molecule required for normal neurohistogenesis |
CD172a | SIRPα, SHPS-1, SIRPA | Immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor for CD47. Supports adhesion of cerebellar neurons, neurite outgrowth and glial cell attachment. |
CD173 | ||
CD174 | ||
CD175 | ||
CD175s | ||
CD176 | Thomson Friedrenreich Ag, TRF1, TRF | Potentially involved in cell adhesion |
CD177 | NB1 glycoprotein, HNA-2a | Major immunogenic molecule of neutrophil membrane |
CD178 | FasL, CD95L, FASLG, Fas Ligand | T-cell mediated cytotoxicity |
CD179a | VPREB1, IGI, IGVPB, VPREB | |
CD179b | IGLL1 | Early B-cell differentiation. |
CD180 | RP-105 | Controls B-cell recognition and signaling of LPS. Leads to NFkB activation. |
CD183 | CXCR3 | T-cell chemotaxis, integrin activation, and adhesion |
CD184 | ||
CD195 | ||
CDw197 | ||
CD200 | OX-2, OX2 | Down-regulatory signal for myeloid cell function, costimulates T-cell proliferation |
CD201 | EPC-R, PROCR | Enhances protein C activation |
CD202b | Tie2, Tek | Signaling, migration and adhesion |
CD203c | ||
CD204 | Macrophage scavenger-R, MSR1 | Endocytosis of macromolecules including low density lipoproteins, host defense |
CD205 | DEC-205, LY75 | Phagocytosis, endocytosis |
CD206 | ||
CD207 | Langerin | Pathogen receptor and processing of antigen for presentation to T-cells |
CD208 | DC-LAMP, LAMP3 | Dendritic cell maturation marker, involved in cell proliferation |
CD209 | DC-SIGN | Mediates antigen endocytosis and degradation binds pathogenic antigens such as HIV1 gp120 |
CDw210 | ||
CD212 | IL-12-R β1, IL12RB1 | Forms part of the receptor complexes for IL12 and IL23 |
CD213a1 | IL-13-R α1, IL13RA1 | Forms part of the receptor complexes for IL13 and IL4 |
CD213a2 | IL-13-R α2, IL13RA2 | Forms part of the receptor complex for IL13. |
CDw217 | ||
CD220 | Insulin-R, Insulin Receptor, IINSR | Insulin receptor |
CD221 | IGF-1 R, IGF1R | Receptor for IGF-I and IGF-II. Mediates mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signals |
CD222 | ||
CD223 | LAG-3 | Involved in lymphocyte activation, negative regulation of T-cell activation |
CD224 | GGT1 | Catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of amino acids and dipeptide acceptors, which contributes to oxidative homeostasis. |
CD225 | IFITM1, Leu-13, DSPA2a | Cell adhesion, cell growth and migration. Relays antiproliferative and homotypic adhesion signals |
CD226 | DNAM-1, PTA-1, TLiSA1 | Intercellular adhesion, lymphocyte signaling, cytotoxicity and lymphokine secretion mediated by cytotoxic T-cells and NK cells |
CD227 | MUC1, EMA, PUM, Mucin 1 | Cell adhesion and signaling |
CD228 | Melanotransferrin, MFI2 | Involved in cellular iron uptake |
CD229 | Ly-9, LY9, SLAMF3 | Adhesion between T-cells and accessory cells |
CD230 | Prion protein, PRNP | Oxidative stress homeostasis,cell survival, and signal transduction |
CD231 | TALLA-1, A15, Tspan-7 | Cell proliferation and motility |
CD232 | ||
CD233 | Band 3, SLC4A1 | Anion exchanger across the cytoplasmic membrane, binding site for cytoskeletal proteins, enzymes and hemoglobin |
CD234 | ||
CD235a | Glycophorin A, GYPA | Major erythrocyte intrinsic membrane protein. Minimizes erythrocyte aggregation, receptor for influenza virus, Plasmodium falciparum and Hepatitis A virus |
CD235b | ||
CD235ab | ||
CD236 | Glycophorin C/D, GYPC | Glycophorin-C regulates the stability of red cells |
CD236R | ||
CD238 | Kell, KEL, Blood Group Kell | Zinc endopeptidase cleaving endothelin 3. Contains the Kell blood group antigens |
CD239 | B-CAM, BCAM | Laminin alpha-5 receptor |
CD240CE | ||
CD240D | ||
CD240DCE | ||
CD241 | ||
CD242 | ICAM-4 | Ligand for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 |
CD243 | ||
CD244 | 2B4, NAIL | NK cell activation, NK cell and T-cell interaction |
CD245 | ||
CD246 | ||
CD247 | TCRz, CD3-ZEETA | Couples antigen recognition to several intracellular signaling pathways |