CD antigens or CD markers, which stands for cluster of differentiation markers, are a group of special molecules on the surface of the cells in our body. CD antigens are most useful for classifying the white blood cells (WBCs), which are the type of cell in the blood that protects us from infections. Antibodies are specifically matched against each type of CD antigen. This allows them to be used in tests to diagnose different types of lymphoma as well as being used for targeted immunotherapy. CD antigens an extremely diverse series of membrane proteins predominantly expressed on the leukocyte cell surface, and other cell types including endothelial, stem and dendritic cells. CD markers-specific antibodies have benn widely used for cell sorting, phenotyping, and blood tumor diagnosis.
The identification of tumor antigens using antibodies is a widely used strategy in cancer diagnostics, screening and research. Tumor antigens-specific antibodies can be uesd to detect elevated quantities of tumor antigens in patients' blood, urine or tissue, for tumor diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. The mostly widely accepted tumor marker of this kind is the prostate specific antigen used in the diagnosis of prostate tumor.
In addition, CD markers have become significantly important for tumor treatment. Some therapeutic antibody drugs have been designed to targen cells that have a particular type of CD marker (e.g, rituximab to CD20 for lymphomas and leukemia treatment; alemtuzumab to CD52 for chromic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma treatment).
| Name | Alias | Function |
|---|---|---|
| CD2 | T11, LFA-2, SRBC-R, Erythrocyte receptor, LFA-3R | Adhesion between T-cells and other cell types and T-cell activation. |
| CD31 | PECAM-1 | Cell adhesion. Plays a key role in leukocyte trafficking across endothelium |
| CD44 | H-CAM, Pgp-1, Epican, HUTCH-I, LHR, ECMR-III | Cell adhesion and migration |
| CD48 | Blast-1, BCM1 | Cell adhesion and T-cell costimulation |
| CD66a | BGP-1, NCA-160, CEACAM1 | Neutrophil activation, homophilic and heterophilic adhesion |
| CD66c | NCA, CEACAM6 | Cell adhesion and neutrophil activation |
| CD66e | CEA, CEACAM5 | Homophilic and heterophilic adhesion. May play a role in the metastasis of cancer cells |
| CD106 | VCAM-1, L1CAM | Leukocyte adhesion. Transmigration and costimulation of T-cells. |
| CD111 | PVRL1， PRR1, Nectin-1, HVEC | Entry mediator for several herpes viruses (HSV1, HSV2, PRV, BHV1).Believed to be involved in cell adhesion mechanisms |
| CD112 | PVRL2， PRR2, Nectin-2, HVEB | Intracellular adhesion, component of adherins junctions. Receptor for herpes simplex virus |
| CD144 | VE-Cadherin, Cadherin-5 | Cell adhesion. |
| CD146 | MUC18, S-endo, MCAM | Cell adhesion. Involved in heterophilic cell to cell interactions |
| CD166 | ALCAM | Mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD6 for intrathymic T-cell development |
| CD171 | NCAM-L1, L1CAM | Multidomain cell adhesion molecule required for normal neurohistogenesis |
| CD239 | B-CAM, BCAM | Laminin alpha-5 receptor. |
| CD321 | JAM-A, JAM-1, PAM-1, F11R | Plays a role in epithelial tight junction formation, regulation of leukocyte erythrocytes. migration, epithelial barrier maintenance and platelet activation |
| CD324 | E-Cadherin, Uvomorulin, CDH1, E-cad | Calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein |
| Name | Alias | Function |
|---|---|---|
| CD24 | BA-1, Nectadrin | Regulation of B-cell proliferation and differentiation |
| CD31 | PECAM-1 | Cell adhesion. Plays a key role in leukocyte trafficking across endothelium |
| CD38 | T10, ADPRC1,ADP ribosyl cyclase 1 | Cell adhesion and signal transduction |
| CD54 | ICAM-1 | Cell adhesion, lymphocyte activation, and migration |
| CD66b | CD67, CGM6, CEACAM8 | Cell adhesion and neutrophil activation |
| CD74 | LN2, Ii, DHLAG | MHC class II antigen processing |
| CD87 | UPA-R, PLAUR, MO3 | Cell chemotaxis and adhesion |
| CD96 | TACTILE | Involved in adhesive interactions of activated T cells and NK cells |
| CD98 | 4F2hc, SLC3A2, MDU1 | Cell activation and cell aggregation |
| CD105 | Endoglin, ENG, END | Angiogenesis. Regulatory component of TGF-beta receptor complex.Modulates cellular response to TGF beta 1 |
| CD106 | VCAM-1, L1CAM | Leukocyte adhesion. Transmigration and costimulation of T-cells. |
| CD117 | c-kit, SCFR, KIT | Crucial for development of gonadal and pigment stem cells |
| CD126 | IL-6R, IL6R, gp80 | Receptor for IL6 |
| CD130 | IL-6Rβ, gp130, IL6ST | Transmits activities of IL6, IL11, LIF and CNF |
| CD138 | Syndecan-1, SDC | Cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell-matrix interactions |
| CD140b | PDGFRβ, PDGFRB | Cell proliferation, differentiation and survival |
| CD143 | ACE1, DCP, DCP1, ICH, MVCD3 | Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of terminal His-Leu, which results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Cell adhesion. |
| CD147 | Neurothelin, basoglin, Basigin, BSG,EMMPRIN | Cell adhesion and T-cell activation |
| CD202b | Tie2, Tek | Signaling, migration and adhesion |
| CD208 | DC-LAMP, LAMP3 | Dendritic cell maturation marker, involved in cell proliferation |
| CD221 | IGF-1 R， IGF1R | Receptor for IGF-I and IGF-II. Mediates mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signals |
| CD227 | MUC1, EMA, PUM， Mucin 1 | Cell adhesion and signaling |
| CD309 | VEGFR2, KDR, FLK-1 | Activation of this receptor by VEGF plays a role in angiogenesis, development, wound healing, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation |
| CD326 | Ep-CAM, Ly74,, EGP314, TROP-1, TACSTD1 | A homotypic calcium-independent T-cell adhesion molecule |
| CD333 | FGFR3, ACH, CEK2 | Cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors |
| CD340 | ERBB2, MLN 19 | Binds tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signaling pathways |
