IL-10 family ligands can be classified into three subgroups based primarily on their biological functions. The first group contains only IL-10 itself. The second group, namely IL-20 subfamily ligands, is composed of IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26. The last group is the type III interferon/IFN group (or IFN λs), which contains the closely related cytokines IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29.
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IL-10 includes six alpha-helices. Classification of the IL-10 family is based on sequence analysis and three-dimensional structure of human interleukin 10 and Epstein-Barr viral interleukin 10. Though some IL-10 family members such as IL-19 shares limited overall aa homology to IL-10 (21%), it has conserved IL-10's alpha-helical structure.
The following table lists IL-10 family ligands, its categories, identity with human IL-10, aggregation state and its corresponding IL-10 receptors.
| Category | Ligand | % identity with hIL-10 | Aggregation state | Receptor |
| IL-10 subfamily | IL-10 | 100 | Dimer | CD219 / IL10RA, IL10RB / IL-10RB |
| IL-20 subfamily | IL-19 | 21 | Monomer | IL20RA/IL-20RA, IL20RB |
| IL-20 subfamily | IL-20 | 29 | Monomer | IL20RA/IL-20RA, IL20RB |
| IL-20 subfamily | IL-22 | 26 | Monomer | IL-22R / IL22RA1, IL-22BP/IL-22RA2 |
| IL-20 subfamily | IL-24 | 24 | Monomer | IL20RA/IL-20RA, IL20RB |
| IL-20 subfamily | IL-26 | 27 | Dimer | IL10RB / IL-10RB, IL20RA/IL-20RA |
| type III IFN group | IFN-λ1 | Low | Monomer | IL-28 R alpha/IFN-lambda R1 |
| type III IFN group | IFN-λ2 | Low | Monomer | IL-28 R alpha/IFN-lambda R1, IL10RB / IL-10RB |
| type III IFN group | IFN-λ3 | Low | Monomer | IL-28 R alpha/IFN-lambda R1, IL10RB / IL-10RB |
IL-10 family of cytokines includes nine members, namely IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 (MDA-7), IL-26, and the more distantly related IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29. These cellular cytokines, as well as several cytokines encoded in viral genomes (viral cytokines), form a family of IL-10-related cytokines, the IL-10 family.
The interaction of these cytokines with their specific receptor molecules initiates a broad and varied array of signals that induce cellular antiviral states, modulate inflammatory responses, inhibit or stimulate cell growth, produce or inhibit apoptosis, and affect many immune mechanisms.
The following are outlines of "IL-10 Family Ligand Review Page", which briefly introduce each member of IL-10 family ligand. If you want more details, please click here.
| • Interleukin-10 | • Interleukin-20 |
| • Interleukin-24 (MDA-7) | • Interleukin-28 and Interleukin-29 |
| • Interleukin-19 | • Interleukin-22 |
| • Interleukin-26 (AK155) |
